Yuav ua li cas daws cov sludge los ntawm nroog cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag?

Txoj Cai Txhais Lus

"Technical Specifications for Treatment and Disposal of Sludge in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants"

Lub Xya Hli 27

"Technical Specifications for Treatment and Disposal of Sludge in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants"

Ua raws cai
Tus qauv no qhia txog kev kho thiab pov tseg kev ntsuas rau sludge nyob rau hauv nroog cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag, thiab tawm tswv yim pom zoo cov txheej txheem pov tseg raws li cov cheeb tsam sib txawv. Nws qhia meej txog cov cai tswj kev ua qias tuaj hauv cov txheej txheem pov tseg sludge, thiab muab kev txhawb nqa rau kev tswj cov pa phem thiab kev siv cov khoom siv ntawm cov sludge hauv nroog cov dej phwj tuaj kho. Cia peb saib cov lus piav qhia ntxaws.
Dab tsi yog keeb kwm yav dhau thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev qhia txog tus qauv?

Sludge nyob rau hauv nroog cov dej phwj kho cov nroj tsuag hais txog cov khoom ib nrab lossis cov khoom sib txawv nrog cov dej sib txawv uas tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav cov dej phwj hauv nroog, tsis suav nrog cov khoom seem, cov khib nyiab thiab cov grit hauv grit chambers, thiab yog ib qho khoom lag luam uas tsis tuaj yeem ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj kho. Sludge muaj cov organic teeb meem, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium thiab ntau yam kab kawm uas muaj peev xwm siv tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj cov kab mob pathogenic xws li cov qe kab mob thiab cov kab mob pathogenic, cov hlau hnyav xws li tooj liab, txhuas thiab chromium, thiab nyuaj-rau-degrade tshuaj lom thiab teeb meem xws li polychlorinated biphenyls thiab polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Yog tias tsis muab pov tseg kom zoo, nws yooj yim ua rau muaj kuab paug thib ob. Vim tias qhov tseem ceeb mus ntev tau muab tso rau hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau hauv kev kho sludge thiab pov tseg, sludge pov tseg technology tau lagged qab.

Cov txheej txheem pov tseg sludge hauv peb lub xeev muaj xws li kev pov tseg, kev siv av, kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kev pov tseg tseem yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tam sim no, thiab kev siv cov peev txheej tsawg. Vim tias cov yam ntxwv tsis meej ntawm cov av nkos thiab qhov tsis meej ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau ecological ib puag ncig tom qab pov tseg, sludge pov tseg txoj hauv kev hauv nroog cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag hauv peb lub xeev tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Txawm hais tias lub teb chaws tau ua tiav ntau txoj cai thiab cov qauv ntawm kev kho sludge thiab pov tseg, lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tso tawm ntxov, tsis xav txog qhov sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Rau qee lub nroog lossis lub nroog hauv peb lub xeev, cov txheej txheem pov tseg cov sludge tseem tsis tau paub, ua rau cov theem tam sim no ntawm cov sludge pov tseg tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txwv tsis pub noj qab haus huv ntawm cov dej phwj tuaj hauv nroog. Kev daws qhov teeb meem pov tseg sludge yog tam sim no.

Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau qhov tsis muaj sludge kho thiab pov tseg cov qauv tsim nyog rau ntau thaj tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb Shaanxi, Guanzhong thiab yav qab teb Shaanxi, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Ib puag ncig tau tsim cov "Technical Specifications for Sludge Treatment and Disposal of Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants". Kev ua raws li tus qauv yuav txhim kho cov txheej txheem kev kho sludge thiab pov tseg hauv peb lub xeev ntawm kev tsim, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab kev tswj xyuas, txhawb kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev kho dej hauv nroog, thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ecological thiab siab. -Txoj kev loj hlob zoo ntawm Yellow River Basin hauv peb lub xeev, nrog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej zoo ntawm thaj chaw txuag dej ntawm South-rau-North Water Diversion Project Txoj Kev Nruab Nrab.

Tus txheej txheem siv tau li cas?

Muaj feem xyuam rau kev tsim, kev tsim kho, kev ua haujlwm, kev tswj xyuas, kev lees paub tiav thiab kev ntsuam xyuas ib puag ncig ntawm kev kho sludge thiab pov tseg hauv nroog cov chaw kho dej phwj.

Tsis siv rau ntau hom kev lag luam sludge.

Tus qauv qhia li cas?

Ua ntej, nws standardizes cov kev cai yuav tsum tau rau tsib hom sludge kev kho mob thiab plaub hom pov tseg nyob rau hauv lub nroog cov dej phwj kho cov nroj tsuag;

Qhov thib ob, nws tawm tswv yim pom zoo sludge pov tseg txoj kev rau ntau cheeb tsam;

Thib peb, nws qhia meej txog kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov qauv ua kom muaj kuab paug thaum lub sijhawm kho sludge thiab pov tseg.

Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem pov tseg sludge hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm peb lub xeev?

Guanzhong cheeb tsam: Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov sludge pov tseg nyob rau hauv Xi'an yog incineration los yog siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, siv av, thiab pov tseg. Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev pov tseg cov sludge hauv Baoji City, Tongchuan City, Weinan City, Yangling Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, thiab Hancheng City yog kev siv av lossis siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, incineration, thiab landfill. Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev pov tseg cov sludge hauv Xianyang City yog incineration lossis siv av, siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab pov tseg.

Sab qaum teb Shaanxi: Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev pov tseg sludge yog siv av, siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, incineration, thiab pov tseg.

Sab Qab Teb Shaanxi: Qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev pov tseg cov sludge yog siv av, incineration, siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab pov tseg.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov txheej txheem pov tseg sludge? Dab tsi tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau them rau?

Kev xaiv cov txheej txheem pov tseg sludge yuav tsum ua raws li peb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus:

Ua ntej, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "kev siv peev txheej thiab kev tsim hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb, kev pov tseg raws li kev pabcuam" yuav tsum tau ua raws, thiab cov khoom tawm ntawm cov av nkos, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov av nkos, qhov chaw nyob, sludge tsheb thauj mus los, ib puag ncig thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav. tsim nyog xaiv txoj kev pov tseg.

Qhov thib ob, sludge pov tseg yuav tsum ua raws li lub regional sludge kho thiab pov tseg txoj kev npaj, ua ke nrog cov kev muaj tiag hauv zos, thiab koom tes nrog cov phiaj xwm cuam tshuam xws li kev huv huv thiab kev siv av.

Thib peb, raws li txoj kev pov tseg sludge, cov txheej txheem kev kho sludge yuav tsum raug xaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum cov sludge pov tseg los ntawm kev siv av, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv anaerobic digestion, aerobic fermentation thiab lwm yam kev kho mob technologies; Thaum nws tau muab pov tseg los ntawm incineration, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv thermal ziab thiab lwm yam kev kho mob; Thaum nws muab pov tseg los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov thermal ziab thiab cov kua qaub stabilization thiab lwm yam kev kho mob; Thaum nws tau muab pov tseg los ntawm kev pov tseg, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv lub cev qhuav dej, thermal ziab, txiv qaub stabilization thiab lwm yam kev kho mob.

Cov kev ceev faj cuam tshuam muaj xws li tsib yam:

Ua ntej, yog tias muaj av saline-alkali, thaj av desertified thiab cov mines tso tseg nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw sludge, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau txais kev siv av, xws li kev kho av thiab kev txhim kho.

Qhov thib ob, yog tias muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob thermal lossis cov chaw pov tseg pov tseg ze ntawm qhov chaw sludge, yuav tsum tau txais kev pom zoo.

Thib peb, yog tias muaj cov cement cog los yog lub tsev cib nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw sludge, cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau siv.

Thib plaub, yog tias muaj qhov chaw tsis huv nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw sludge, nws yuav tsum tau siv los ua cov av npog av ntxiv.

Thib tsib, thaum cov khoom siv av ntawm qhov chaw sludge tsis tshua muaj, yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov khoom siv hauv tsev.

Dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv av sludge hauv tus qauv no? Kev saib xyuas dab tsi yuav tsum tau ua ntawm sludge thiab qhov chaw thov ua ntej thiab tom qab siv av sludge?

Txoj kev siv av sludge hauv tus qauv no suav nrog kev tsim kho av, kev siv av hav zoov, kho av thiab txhim kho.

Ua ntej siv cov av sludge, sludge pov tseg chav tsev yuav tsum saib xyuas cov pa phem hauv cov sludge. Qhov loj dua daim ntawv thov, qhov ntau dua qhov kev soj ntsuam zaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txiaj ntsig keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas cov pa phem hauv cov av thiab dej hauv av ntawm qhov chaw thov yuav tsum tau saib xyuas.

Tom qab siv cov av sludge, sludge pov tseg chav tsev yuav tsum tsis tu ncua saib xyuas cov av thiab dej hauv av tom qab siv cov sludge, thiab saib xyuas kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Kev soj ntsuam thiab soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum khaws cia rau ntau tshaj 5 xyoos.

Puas yog nws yuav tsum tau kho cov sludge ua ntej anaerobic digestion?

Tam sim no, kev zom zaub mov anaerobic yog ib txoj hauv kev siv los kho sludge hauv nroog cov dej phwj tuaj kho cov nroj tsuag. Cov txheej txheem anaerobic digestion feem ntau muaj plaub theem: hydrolysis, acidification, acetic acid ntau lawm thiab methane ntau lawm. Txij li feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham uas xav tau los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov txheej txheem hydrolysis muaj nyob rau hauv cov sludge flocs thiab microbial cell membranes (phab ntsa), qhov anaerobic digestion tus nqi yog txwv thaum lub extracellular enzymes tsis nyob rau hauv txaus sib cuag nrog cov as-ham matrix. Cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo sludge pretreatment tuaj yeem siv los rhuav tshem cov sludge flocs thiab sludge cell membranes (phab ntsa), tso cov as-ham matrix, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev zom zaub mov anaerobic.

Dab tsi yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum tsim cov chaw hauv nruab nrab aerobic fermentation?

Thaum lub sij hawm kev thauj mus los thiab mus sij hawm ntev tsub zuj zuj, dehydrated sludge yuav sludge sludge, emit tsw, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav ua phem rau lub nroog ib puag ncig thiab atmospheric ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, nws qhov chaw xaiv yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus kev tsim kho hauv nroog tus tswv txoj kev npaj, ecological ib puag ncig tiv thaiv txoj kev npaj, lub nroog ib puag ncig kev huv huv txoj kev npaj thiab lwm yam kev cai, thiab tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg hauv zos.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kho thiab kev thauj mus los muaj peev xwm ntawm txhua qhov txuas hauv txoj kev ua haujlwm sludge yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tsim nyog, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev kho qhov ntim thiab qhov ntim tau txais yuav tsum tau ua tiav los txiav txim siab kom ntseeg tau qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov sludge tom qab fermentation thiab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv av.