Momwe mungathanirane ndi sludge kuchokera m'matauni opangira zimbudzi zapakhomo?

Kutanthauzira kwa Policy

"Zakatswiri Zaumisiri Wothandizira ndi Kutayira Dothi M'mafakitale Ochapira Zonyansa Zam'tawuni"

Julayi 27

"Zakatswiri Zaumisiri Wothandizira ndi Kutayira Dothi M'mafakitale Ochapira Zonyansa Zam'tawuni"

Zakhazikitsidwa kale
Muyezowu umatchulanso njira zoyendetsera ndi kutaya zinyalala m'malo osungiramo zimbudzi zamatawuni, ndipo umapereka njira zoyankhira zovomerezeka malinga ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Imafotokozera momveka bwino zofunikira zowongolera kuwononga chilengedwe potaya zinyalala, komanso imapereka chithandizo chaukadaulo pakuwongolera kuwononga chilengedwe komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamatope m'mafakitale otsukira zimbudzi. Tiyeni tione kutanthauzira mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi chiyambi ndi tanthauzo la kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo ndi chiyani?

Sludge m'mafakitale otsuka zimbudzi zamatauni amatanthauza zinthu zolimba kapena zolimba zomwe zili ndi madzi osiyanasiyana opangidwa panthawi yoyeretsa zimbudzi zam'tawuni, kuphatikiza zotsalira za skrini, scum ndi grit m'zipinda za grit, ndipo ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka chazimbudzi. Dothi lili ndi organic zinthu, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina zowunikira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi zinthu zoyambitsa matenda monga mazira a parasite ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zitsulo zolemera monga mkuwa, lead ndi chromium, komanso zovuta kutsitsa poizoni ndi zinthu zovulaza monga ma polychlorinated biphenyls ndi polycyclic onunkhira hydrocarboni. Ngati sizinatayidwe bwino, ndizosavuta kuyambitsa kuipitsa kwachiwiri. Chifukwa chakuti nthawi yayitali yakhala ikugogomezera kuyeretsa madzi otayira ndipo sikungogogomezera kwambiri kutsuka ndi kutaya zinyalala, luso lotaya zinyalala latsalira m'mbuyo.

Njira zotayira zinyalala m’chigawo chathu zikuphatikizapo kutayira, kugwiritsira ntchito nthaka, kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomangira ndi kuziwotcha, koma kutayirako ndiyo njira yaikulu pakali pano, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu n’chochepa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osadziwika bwino a matope komanso momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira chilengedwe chikatayidwa, njira zotayira zinyalala zamafakitale ochotsa zinyalala m'tawuni m'chigawo chathu zilibe ntchito. Ngakhale kuti dzikolo lapereka motsatizana ndondomeko ndi miyezo yokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha sludge ndi kutaya, iwo ali ndi zizindikiro za kumasulidwa koyambirira, osaganizira za kusiyana kwa madera ndi kusowa koyenera. Kwa mzinda kapena chigawo china m'chigawo chathu, njira yotayira zinyalala sizikudziwikabe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayira kwa zinyalala kukhala vuto lalikulu lomwe likulepheretsa kukula kwabwino kwa zinyalala zamatauni. Kuthetsa vuto la kutaya zinyalala kuli pafupi.

Poyankha kusowa kwa njira zoyendetsera matope komanso kutayira koyenera kumadera osiyanasiyana kumpoto kwa Shaanxi, Guanzhong ndi kum'mwera kwa Shaanxi, dipatimenti ya Provincial Ecology and Environment yapanga "Mafotokozedwe Aukadaulo Othandizira Kusamalira ndi Kutaya Malo Opangira Madzi a M'tawuni". Kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezowu kuwongolera mulingo wokhazikika wamankhwala ndi kutaya zinyalala m'chigawo chathu malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza, ndi kasamalidwe, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chathanzi komanso chabwino chamakampani ochotsa zinyalala m'matauni, ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo chachilengedwe komanso chapamwamba. -Kutukuka kwabwino kwa Yellow River Basin m'chigawo chathu, komanso chitetezo chamadzi m'malo osungira madzi apakati pa South-to-North Water Diversion Project's Middle Route.

Kodi muyezo umagwira ntchito pati?

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga, kumanga, kugwira ntchito, kasamalidwe, kuvomereza kukwaniritsidwa ndi kuwunika kwachilengedwe kwamankhwala amatope ndi kutaya m'mafakitale opangira zimbudzi zam'tawuni.

Osagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matope a mafakitale.

Kodi muyezo ukunena chiyani?

Choyamba, imayimira zofunikira zaukadaulo zamitundu isanu yamankhwala amatope ndi mitundu inayi yotayira m'mafakitale opangira zinyalala m'tawuni;

Chachiwiri, ikupereka njira zopangira zotayira zinyalala m'madera osiyanasiyana;

Chachitatu, imafotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira za malo ogwirira ntchito komanso miyezo yotulutsa mpweya woipa panthawi yamankhwala ndi kutaya zinyalala.

Kodi njira zotayira zinyalala zotani m'magawo osiyanasiyana achigawo chathu?

Chigawo cha Guanzhong: Dongosolo lovomerezeka la kutaya zinyalala ku Xi'an ndikuwotcha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, ndi kutayirapo. Dongosolo lomwe laperekedwa pakutaya zinyalala ku Baoji City, Tongchuan City, Weinan City, Yangling Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, ndi Hancheng City ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira, kuwotcha, ndi kutayiramo nthaka. Dongosolo lovomerezeka la kutaya zinyalala mumzinda wa Xianyang ndikuwotcha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira, ndi kutaya pansi.

Kumpoto kwa Shaanxi: Dongosolo lovomerezeka la kutaya zinyalala ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira, kuyatsa, ndi kutaya.

Southern Shaanxi: Dongosolo lovomerezeka la kutaya zinyalala ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthaka, kuwotcha, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira, ndi kutaya pansi.

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe magawo otaya zinyalala ayenera kutsatira posankha njira zotayira zinyalala? Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira?

Kusankha njira zotayira matope kuyenera kutsata mfundo zitatu:

Choyamba, mfundo ya "kugwiritsa ntchito gwero ndi kutentha monga chachikulu, kutayirapo nthaka ngati chothandizira" iyenera kutsatiridwa, ndipo kutulutsa kwamatope, mawonekedwe amatope, malo, mayendedwe amatope, zochitika zachilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ziyenera kuganiziridwa momveka bwino. moyenerera sankhani njira yotaya.

Chachiwiri, kutaya zinyalala kuyenera kugwirizana ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera matope ndi kutaya matope, kuphatikiziridwa ndi zenizeni za m'deralo, ndikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko zoyenera monga ukhondo wa chilengedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka.

Chachitatu, molingana ndi njira yotayira matope, ukadaulo wofananira ndi matope uyenera kusankhidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene sludge amatayidwa ndi ntchito nthaka, ndi m'pofunika kusankha anaerobic chimbudzi, aerobic nayonso mphamvu ndi njira zina mankhwala; ikayatsidwa ndi kutenthedwa, ndikofunikira kusankha kuyanika kwamafuta ndi njira zina zamankhwala; ikatayidwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zomangira, ndi bwino kusankha kuyanika kwa kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwa laimu ndi njira zina zothandizira mankhwala; ikatayidwa ndi kutayirako, ndikofunikira kusankha madzi ochulukirapo, kuyanika kwamafuta, kukhazikika kwa laimu ndi njira zina zamankhwala.

Kusamala koyenera kumaphatikizapo zinthu zisanu:

Choyamba, ngati pali malo a saline-alkali, malo okhala chipululu ndi migodi yosiyidwa pafupi ndi malo amatope, ndi bwino kutengera njira zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka, monga kukonza nthaka ndi kukonza.

Chachiwiri, ngati pali malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera kapena chotenthetsera zinyalala pafupi ndi malo amatope, kuyenera kutengedwa.

Chachitatu, ngati pali fakitale ya simenti kapena fakitale ya njerwa pafupi ndi matope, zipangizo zomangira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chachinayi, ngati pali dothi laukhondo pafupi ndi malo amatope, liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha dothi lotayirapo.

Chachisanu, nthaka ikasoŵa pamalo otayira dothi, payenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zopsereza kapena zomangira.

Kodi njira zenizeni zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka yamatope mu muyezo uwu ndi chiyani? Ndi kuyang'anira kotani komwe kukuyenera kuchitidwa pamatope ndi malo opangirapo ntchito musanagwiritse ntchito nthaka yamatope?

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito nthaka yamatope pamlingo uwu zikuphatikiza kukongoletsa malo, kugwiritsa ntchito nkhalango, kukonza nthaka komanso kukonza.

Musanagwiritse ntchito nthaka, malo otayira matope ayenera kuyang'anira zowononga zomwe zili mumatope. Kuchulukira kwa kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kumapangitsanso kuwunika pafupipafupi. Nthawi yomweyo, maziko azizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zoipitsa m'nthaka ndi pansi pa malo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito nthaka, malo otayira matope amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthaka ndi madzi apansi nthawi zonse pamene matopewo agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuwona kukula kwa zomera.

Zolemba zowunikira ndi kuyang'anira ziyenera kusungidwa kwa zaka zopitilira zisanu.

Kodi ndikofunikira kuti muyambe kuchiritsa matope musanayambe chimbudzi cha anaerobic?

Pakalipano, chimbudzi cha anaerobic ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zinyalala m'mafakitale otsuka zimbudzi. The anaerobic chimbudzi ndondomeko makamaka tichipeza magawo anayi: hydrolysis, acidification, acetic acid kupanga ndi methane kupanga. Popeza ambiri a michere masanjidwewo chofunika ndi tizilombo mu hydrolysis ndondomeko alipo mkati sludge flocs ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono cell nembanemba (makoma), ndi anaerobic chimbudzi mlingo ndi malire pamene michere extracellular si mu kukhudzana mokwanira ndi michere masanjidwewo. Ukadaulo wothandiza wokonzekera bwino wa matope ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwononga ma sludge flocs ndi sludge cell membranes (makoma), kutulutsa matrix a michere, ndikuwongolera bwino kwa chimbudzi cha anaerobic.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pomanga malo apakati a aerobic fermentation?

Panthawi ya mayendedwe komanso kudzikundikira kwa nthawi yayitali, matope osakanizidwa ndi madzi amatha kutaya zinyalala, kutulutsa fungo, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zingawononge malo akutawuni komanso mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, kusankha malo kuyenera kugwirizana ndi pulani yayikulu yomanga m'matauni, dongosolo loteteza chilengedwe, dongosolo lazaukhondo wamatawuni ndi malamulo ena oyenera, ndikufunsanso malingaliro a anthu am'deralo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, chithandizo ndi mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka ulalo uliwonse munjira yoyendetsera matope iyenera kukhazikitsidwa moyenera, ndipo mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a projekiti ndi kuchuluka kovomerezeka uyenera kuganiziridwa mozama kuti zitsimikizire kuwonongeka kwakuya kwa matope pambuyo pa nayonso mphamvu. kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito nthaka.