Nigute ushobora guhangana n’imyanda iva mu mijyi itunganya imyanda yo mu ngo?

Gusobanura Politiki

"Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byo kuvura no kujugunya imyanda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi."

Nyakanga 27

"Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byo kuvura no kujugunya imyanda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi."

Byashyizwe mubikorwa
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ingamba zo gutunganya no kujugunya imyanda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi, ikanasaba uburyo bwo kujugunya ukurikije uturere dutandukanye. Irasobanura neza ibisabwa byo kurwanya umwanda muri gahunda yo kujugunya imyanda, ikanatanga inkunga ya tekiniki yo kurwanya umwanda no gukoresha umutungo w’imyanda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi. Reka turebe ibisobanuro birambuye.
Ni ubuhe butumwa n'akamaro ko gutangiza ibipimo?

Umwanda mu bihingwa bitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi bivuga igice gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye gifite ibintu bitandukanye byamazi byakozwe mugihe cyo kweza imyanda yo mumijyi, usibye ibisigazwa bya ecran, ibisebe hamwe na grit mubyumba bya grit, kandi nibicuruzwa byanze bikunze biva mumyanda itunganya imyanda. Amazi arimo ibintu kama, azote, fosifore, potasiyumu nibintu bitandukanye byerekana agaciro gakoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, irimo kandi ibintu bitera indwara nk'amagi ya parasite na mikorobe itera indwara, ibyuma biremereye nk'umuringa, isasu na chromium, hamwe n'ibintu bigoye-gutesha agaciro uburozi kandi bwangiza nka polyiklorine biphenyls na hydrocarbone ya polyisikeli. Niba bidatunganijwe neza, biroroshye gutera umwanda wa kabiri. Kubera ko igihe kirekire cyibanze ku gutunganya amazi mabi kandi hibanzwe cyane ku gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya, tekinoroji yo guta imyanda yasigaye inyuma.

Uburyo bwo guta imyanda mu ntara yacu burimo imyanda, gukoresha ubutaka, gukoresha ibikoresho byo kubaka no gutwika, ariko imyanda iracyari inzira nyamukuru muri iki gihe, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha umutungo kiri hasi. Kubera imiterere idasobanutse y’ibyondo n’ingaruka zidasobanutse ku bidukikije nyuma yo kujugunywa, uburyo bwo kujugunya imyanda y’ibiti bitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi mu ntara yacu ntibifite akamaro. Nubwo igihugu cyagiye gikurikirana politiki n’ibipimo ngenderwaho bijyanye no kuvura no kujugunya imyanda, bifite ibiranga kurekurwa hakiri kare, hatirengagijwe itandukaniro ry’akarere no kutagira uruhare. Ku mujyi cyangwa intara runaka mu ntara yacu, uburyo bwo kujugunya imyanda ntiburamenyekana, bigatuma icyiciro cya none cyo guta imyanda gihinduka icyuho gikomeye kibuza iterambere ryiza ry’inganda zitunganya imyanda. Gukemura ikibazo cyo guta imyanda biregereje.

Mu rwego rwo kutagira uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya imyanda ikwiranye n’uturere dutandukanye two mu majyaruguru ya Shaanxi, Guanzhong no mu majyepfo ya Shaanxi, Ishami ry’Intara ry’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije ryashyizeho "Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki byo gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya ibihingwa bitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi". Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibipimo bizamura urwego rusanzwe rwo gutunganya no guta imyanda mu ntara yacu mu bijyanye no gushushanya, gukora no kubungabunga, no gucunga, guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza kandi bwiza bw’inganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi, kandi biteza imbere kurengera ibidukikije no hejuru -iterambere ry’uburinganire bw’ikibaya cy’Umuhondo mu ntara yacu, ndetse n’umutekano w’amazi w’ahantu ho kubungabunga amasoko y’amazi yo mu majyepfo y’amajyaruguru agana Amajyaruguru.

Ni uruhe rwego rusanzwe rukoreshwa?

Bikurikizwa mugushushanya, kubaka, gukora, gucunga, kwemerera kurangiza no gusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije byo gutunganya imyanda no kujugunya mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi.

Ntabwo bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwinganda.

Igipimo giteganya iki?

Icya mbere, igena ibisabwa bya tekiniki yubwoko butanu bwo gutunganya imyanda nubwoko bune bwo kujugunya mumyanda itunganya imyanda yo mumijyi;

Icya kabiri, irasaba uburyo bwo guta imyanda mu turere dutandukanye;

Icya gatatu, irasobanura ibidukikije bikenewe hamwe nubuziranenge bw’ibyuka bihumanya mugihe cyo gutunganya no kujugunya.

Nubuhe buryo busabwa bwo guta imyanda mu turere dutandukanye twintara yacu?

Agace ka Guanzhong: Icyifuzo gisabwa cyo guta imyanda muri Xi'an ni ugutwika cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho, gukoresha ubutaka, hamwe n’imyanda. Icyifuzo gisabwa cyo guta imyanda mu Mujyi wa Baoji, Umujyi wa Tongchuan, Umujyi wa Weinan, mu gace ka Yangling mu buhinzi-buhanga bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw’inganda, n’Umujyi wa Hancheng ni ugukoresha ubutaka cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho, kubaka, gutwika, hamwe n’imyanda. Icyifuzo gisabwa cyo guta imyanda mu mujyi wa Xianyang ni ugutwika cyangwa gukoresha ubutaka, gukoresha ibikoresho, no kumena imyanda.

Amajyaruguru ya Shaanxi: Icyifuzo gisabwa cyo guta imyanda ni ugukoresha ubutaka, gukoresha ibikoresho byubaka, gutwika, hamwe n’imyanda.

Amajyepfo ya Shaanxi: Icyifuzo gisabwa cyo guta imyanda ni ugukoresha ubutaka, gutwika, gukoresha ibikoresho byubaka, hamwe n’imyanda.

Ni ayahe mahame akwiye gukuramo ibice byo kujugunya muguhitamo uburyo bwo guta imyanda? Ni ibihe bintu bigomba kwitabwaho?

Guhitamo uburyo bwo guta imyanda bigomba gukurikiza amahame atatu:

Icya mbere, hagomba gukurikizwa ihame ryo "gukoresha umutungo no gutwika nkibyingenzi, imyanda nkabafasha" hitamo guhitamo uburyo bwo kujugunya.

Icya kabiri, guta imyanda bigomba kubahiriza gahunda yo gutunganya no guta imyanda mu karere, bigahuzwa nukuri kwaho, kandi bigahuzwa na gahunda zijyanye n’isuku y’ibidukikije n’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.

Icya gatatu, ukurikije uburyo bwo guta umwanda, tekinoloji ijyanye no kuvura ibishishwa igomba guhitamo. Kurugero, mugihe isuka yajugunywe no gukoresha ubutaka, nibyiza guhitamo igogorwa rya anaerobic, fermentation ya aerobic nubundi buryo bwo kuvura; iyo bijugunywe no gutwikwa, nibyiza guhitamo ibyuma byumuriro nubundi buryo bwo kuvura; iyo ikuweho no gukoresha ibikoresho byubaka, nibyiza guhitamo icyuma cyumisha hamwe nogukomeza lime hamwe nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga bwo kuvura; iyo ikuweho imyanda, nibyiza guhitamo umwuma mwinshi, gukama amashyuza, guhagarika lime nubundi buryo bwo kuvura.

Ibyingenzi bikwiye birimo ibintu bitanu:

Ubwa mbere, niba hari ubutaka bwa saline-alkali, ubutayu butagira ubutayu hamwe n’ibirombe byatereranywe hafi y’ahantu h'umwanda, birasabwa gukoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha ubutaka, nko gutunganya ubutaka no kubuteza imbere.

Icya kabiri, niba hari urugomero rwamashanyarazi cyangwa uruganda rutwika imyanda hafi yikibanza, hagomba gutwikwa.

Icya gatatu, niba hari uruganda rwa sima cyangwa uruganda rwamatafari hafi yikibanza, hagomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho byubwubatsi.

Icya kane, niba hari imyanda yisuku hafi yikibanza, igomba gukoreshwa nkimyanda itwikiriye imyanda.

Icya gatanu, mugihe umutungo wubutaka ahabigenewe ari gake, hagomba gukoreshwa gutwika cyangwa kubaka ibikoresho.

Nubuhe buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha ubutaka muri ubu buryo? Ni ubuhe bugenzuzi bugomba gukorwa ku mucanga no kurubuga rusaba mbere na nyuma yo gukoresha ubutaka?

Inzira zo gukoresha ubutaka muri iki gipimo zirimo ubusitani, imikoreshereze yubutaka bwamashyamba, gutunganya ubutaka no kunoza.

Mbere yo gukoresha ubutaka, ishami rishinzwe guta imyanda rigomba gukurikirana imyanda ihumanya. Umubare munini wo gusaba, niko kugenzura inshuro nyinshi. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba gukurikiranwa indangagaciro z’ibipimo bitandukanye byerekana umwanda mu butaka n’amazi yo mu butaka.

Nyuma yo gukoresha ubutaka bwa shitingi, ishami rishinzwe guta imyanda rigomba guhora rikurikirana ubutaka n’amazi yo mu butaka nyuma yo gukoreshwa, kandi bikareba imikurire y’ibimera.

Gukurikirana no gukurikirana inyandiko bigomba kubikwa imyaka irenga 5.

Birakenewe kubanza kuvura isuka mbere yo gusya kwa anaerobic?

Kugeza ubu, igogorwa rya anaerobic ni bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda mu nganda zitunganya imyanda yo mu mijyi. Igogorwa rya anaerobic rigizwe ahanini nibyiciro bine: hydrolysis, acide, aside acike na metani. Kubera ko inyinshi mu ntungamubiri zintungamubiri zisabwa na mikorobe mungingo ya hydrolysis ibaho imbere muri flock flocs na mikorobe ya selile (urukuta), igogorwa rya anaerobic rigabanuka mugihe imisemburo idasanzwe idahuye neza na matrike yintungamubiri. Tekinoroji nziza yo kwisiga irashobora gukoreshwa mugusenya ibibyimba no kumenagura uturemangingo (urukuta), kurekura intungamubiri zintungamubiri, no kunoza imikorere ya anaerobic.

Ni ibihe bintu bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe hubatswe ibikoresho bya fermentation ya aerobic?

Mugihe cyo gutwara no kwegeranya igihe kirekire, umwanda udafite umwuma urashobora kumeneka umwanda, gusohora impumuro, nibindi, byangiza ibidukikije mumijyi nibidukikije. Kubwibyo rero, guhitamo ikibanza bigomba kubahiriza igishushanyo mbonera cy’imyubakire y’imijyi, gahunda yo kurengera ibidukikije, gahunda y’umwuga w’ibidukikije mu mijyi n’andi mabwiriza abigenga, kandi igasuzuma byimazeyo ibitekerezo by’abaturage.

Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwo kuvura no gutwara abantu kuri buri murongo mu nzira yo gukora sludge bigomba gushyirwaho mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, kandi isano iri hagati yubunini bwo gutunganya umushinga nubunini bwemewe igomba gutekerezwa byimazeyo kugirango habeho kwangirika kwinshi mumazi nyuma ya fermentation na kuzamura umutekano w'ikoreshwa ry'ubutaka.