Maitiro ekugadzirisa sludge kubva kumadhorobha edzimba ekuchenesa tsvina zvidyarwa?

Kuturikira Policy

"Technical Specifications yeKurapa uye Kuraswa kweSludge muUrban Sewage Treatment Plants"

Chikunguru 27

"Technical Specifications yeKurapa uye Kuraswa kweSludge muUrban Sewage Treatment Plants"

Zvakaitwa zviri pamutemo
Iyi chiyero inotsanangudza marapirwo uye matanho ekurasa edhaka mumadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina, uye inopa nzira dzinokurudzirwa dzekurasa zvinoenderana nematunhu akasiyana. Inojekesa zvinodikanwa zvekudzora kusvibiswa mumararamiro emarara, uye inopa rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi hwekudzora kusvibiswa uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvedhaka mumadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina. Ngatitarisei kududzira kwakadzama.
Chii chiri kumashure uye kukosha kwekusuma kwechiyero?

Sludge mumadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina yezvidyarwa inoreva semi-yakasimba kana yakasimba zvinhu zvine zvakasiyana zvemukati zvemvura zvinogadzirwa panguva yekucheneswa kwetsvina yemumaguta, kusasanganisa zvisaririra zvechidzitiro, scum uye grit mumakamuri egrit, uye chigadzirwa chisingadzivisiki chezvidyarwa zvekuchenesa tsvina. Sludge ine organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutevera zvinhu zvine kukosha kwekushandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, inewo zvinhu zvepathogenic senge mazai eparasite uye pathogenic microorganisms, simbi dzinorema semhangura, lead uye chromium, uye zvakaoma-ku-degrade zvinhu zvine chepfu uye zvinokuvadza zvakaita sepolychlorinated biphenyls uye polycyclic inonhuhwirira hydrocarbons. Kana isina kuraswa zvakanaka, zviri nyore kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Nekuda kwekuti kukoshesa kwenguva refu kwakaiswa pakuchenesa mvura yetsvina uye kushomeka kushoma kwaiswa pakugadzirisa marara nekurasa, tekinoroji yekurasa madhaka yakasarira kumashure.

Nzira dzekurasa tsvina mupurovhinzi yedu dzinosanganisira kurasira marara, kushandiswa kwevhu, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa nekupisa, asi marara ichiri nzira huru parizvino, uye mwero wekushandisa zviwanikwa wakaderera. Nekuda kwehunhu husina kujeka hwemadhaka uye kusajeka kunokanganisa nharaunda mushure mekuraswa, nzira dzekurasa tsvina dzemapombi esuweji yemumaguta mudunhu medu hadzina basa. Kunyangwe nyika yakatevedzana yakabudisa nhevedzano yemitemo uye zviyero pakurapa marara uye kuraswa, vane hunhu hwekutanga kuburitswa, pasina kufunga kwekusiyana kwedunhu uye kushomeka kwekukosha. Kune rimwe guta kana dunhu mupurovhinzi yedu, nzira yekurasa tsvina haisati yazivikanwa, zvichikonzera kuti nhanho iripo yekurasa tsvina ive dambudziko rakakosha rinorambidza kusimudzira kune hutano kwenzvimbo dzekuchenesa tsvina dzemudhorobha. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekurasa marara kwava pedyo.

Mukupindura kushaikwa kwemarara ekurapa uye kurasa zviyero zvakakodzera kumatunhu akasiyana kuchamhembe kweShaanxi, Guanzhong nekumaodzanyemba kweShaanxi, Dhipatimendi reProvincial yeEcology uye Zvakatipoteredza rakagadzira "Technical Specifications yeSludge Treatment uye Kuraswa kweUrban Wastewater Treatment Plants". Kuitwa kweiyo chiyero kuchavandudza mwero wekumisikidzwa kwekurapwa kwemarara uye kuraswa mudunhu redu maererano nedhizaini, kushanda nekugadzirisa, uye manejimendi, kusimudzira hutano uye hutsinye kusimudzira kweindasitiri yekuchenesa tsvina yemudhorobha, uye kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa uye yakakwirira. -kusimudzirwa kwemhando yeYellow River Basin mudunhu redu, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwemhando yemvura yenzvimbo yekuchengetedza mvura yeSouth-to-North Water Diversion Project's Middle Route.

Ndeipi chiyero chinoshanda kune?

Inoshanda kune dhizaini, kuvaka, mashandiro, manejimendi, kupedzisa kugamuchirwa uye kwezvakatipoteredza maitiro ekuongorora emarara ekurapa uye kuraswa mumaguta ekuchenesa tsvina.

Haisi kushanda kumhando dzakasiyana dzemaindasitiri sludge.

Mupimo wacho unotaurei?

Chekutanga, inomisikidza zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvemhando shanu dzemadhaka nemhando ina dzekurasa mumaguta ekuchenesa tsvina;

Chechipiri, inokurudzira nzira dzakakurudzirwa dzekurasa tsvina dzematunhu akasiyana;

Chechitatu, inojekesa zvinodiwa nharaunda yekushanda uye zviyero zvinosvibisa ekubudisa panguva yekurapa nekurasa.

Ndedzipi nzira dzinokurudzirwa dzekurasa tsvina munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepurovhinzi yedu?

Dunhu reGuanzhong: Iyo yakakurudzirwa kurongeka kwekurasa tsvina muXi'an kupisa kana kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa, kushandiswa kwevhu, uye kurasira. Iyo yakakurudzirwa kurongeka kwekuraswa kwemarara muBaoji Guta, Tongchuan Guta, Weinan Guta, Yangling Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone, uye Hancheng Guta kushandisa ivhu kana zvivakwa zvekuvaka, kupisa, uye marara. Iyo yakakurudzirwa kurongeka kwekuraswa kwematope muXianyang City kupisa kana kushandiswa kwevhu, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, uye kurasira.

Maodzanyemba Shaanxi: Iyo yakakurudzirwa kurongeka kwekurasa tsvina kushandiswa kwevhu, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, kupisa, uye kurasira.

Southern Shaanxi: Iyo yakakurudzirwa kurongeka kwekurasa tsvina kushandiswa kwevhu, kupisa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, uye kuraswa kwemarara.

Ndeapi misimboti inofanirwa kutevedzwa pakusarudza nzira dzekurasa matope? Zvinhu zvipi zvinofanira kutariswa?

Kusarudzwa kwenzira dzekurasa tsvina kunofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti mitatu:

Chekutanga, musimboti we "kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa uye kupiswa sechinhu chikuru, marara semubatsiri" unofanirwa kuteverwa, uye kubuda kwedhaka, madhaka maitiro, nzvimbo, kutakura marara, mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye budiriro yehupfumi nemagariro inofanirwa kutariswa zvizere. sarudza zvine musoro nzira yekurasa.

Chechipiri, kuraswa kwedhaka kunofanirwa kuenderana nehurongwa hwekurasa tsvina yedunhu, yakasanganiswa neicho chaicho chenzvimbo, uye kurongeka nehurongwa hwakakodzera hwakadai sehutsanana kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa kwevhu.

Chechitatu, maererano nenzira yekurasa matope, tekinoroji yekurapa inoenderana nemarara inofanira kusarudzwa. Semuenzaniso, apo sludge inoraswa nekushandiswa kwenyika, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza anaerobic digestion, aerobic fermentation uye mamwe maitiro ekurapa; painoraswa nekupisa, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza kuomeswa kwemafuta uye mamwe matekinoroji ekurapa; painoraswa nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza kuomeswa kwekupisa uye lime kugadzikana uye mamwe matekinoroji ekurapa; painoraswa nemarara, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usarudze kupera simba kwemvura, kuomeswa kwemafuta, kudzikamisa lime uye mamwe matekinoroji ekurapa.

Kungwarira kwakakodzera kunosanganisira zvinhu zvishanu:

Kutanga, kana pane saline-alkali ivhu, nyika yakasiiwa uye migodhi yakasiiwa pedyo nenzvimbo yematope, zvinokurudzirwa kutora nzira dzekushandisa ivhu, dzakadai sekugadzirisa ivhu nekuvandudza.

Chechipiri, kana paine gwenya remagetsi rinopisa kana nzvimbo yekupisa marara pedyo nenzvimbo yemarara, kupisa kunofanira kugamuchirwa.

Chechitatu, kana paine simendi kana kuti fekitari yezvidhina pedyo nenzvimbo yematope, zvokuvakisa zvinofanira kushandiswa.

Chechina, kana paine nzvimbo yehutsanana padyo nenzvimbo ine matope, inofanira kushandiswa sechivharo chevhu chinowedzera.

Chechishanu, kana zviwanikwa zvevhu panzvimbo yematope zvishoma, kupisa kana zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinofanira kushandiswa.

Ndedzipi nzira dzakananga dzekushandisa ivhu remarara mune iyi mwero? Ndekupi kutarisa kunofanira kuitwa pane sludge uye saiti yekunyorera isati yasvika uye mushure mekushandiswa kwevhu rematope?

Nzira dzekushandisa ivhu remadhaka mune iyi chiyero dzinosanganisira kutarisisa nyika, kushandiswa kwevhu remasango, kugadzirisa ivhu uye kugadzirisa.

Pamberi pekushandiswa kwevhu, iyo sludge disposal unit inofanira kutarisa zvinosvibisa mumatope. Iyo yakakura huwandu hwekushandisa, iyo yakakwirira yekutarisa frequency. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekumashure kukosha kweakasiyana zviratidzo zvinosvibisa muvhu uye pasi pemvura yenzvimbo yekushandisa inofanirwa kutariswa.

Mushure mekushandiswa kwevhu, iyo sludge disposal unit inofanira kugara ichitarisa ivhu nemvura yepasi mushure mekunge sludge yaiswa, uye cherechedza kukura kwemiti.

Marekodhi ekutarisa nekutarisa anofanirwa kuchengetwa kweanopfuura makore mashanu.

Izvo zvinodiwa here kufanorapa sludge isati yaitwa anaerobic digestion?

Parizvino, anaerobic digestion ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinowanzoshandiswa pakurapa matope mumadhorobha ekuchenesa tsvina. Iyo anaerobic digestion process inonyanya kuve nematanho mana: hydrolysis, acidification, acetic acid kugadzirwa uye methane kugadzirwa. Sezvo huwandu hwematrikisi ehutano hunodiwa nema microorganisms mu hydrolysis process iripo mukati me sludge flocs uye microbial cell membranes (madziro), anaerobic digestion rate inogumira kana ma enzymes ekunze asina kuwirirana zvakakwana nematrix anovaka muviri. Inoshanda sludge pretreatment tekinoroji inogona kushandiswa kuparadza sludge flocs uye sludge cell membranes (madziro), kuburitsa iyo inovaka muviri matrix, uye kunatsiridza kugona kweanaerobic digestion.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakuvaka centralized aerobic fermentation zvivakwa?

Munguva yekufambisa uye kuunganidzwa kwenguva refu, dhaka rakapera mvura rinogona kudurura tsvina, kuburitsa kunhuwa, nezvimwe, izvo zvinokuvadza nharaunda yemaguta uye nharaunda yemhepo. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwayo kwesaiti kunofanirwa kuenderana neiyo yemuno yekuvaka dhizaini dhizaini, ecological chengetedzo nharaunda, chirongwa chehunyanzvi chehutsanana hwemadhorobha nemimwe mitemo yakakodzera, uye kubvunza zvizere pfungwa dzevanhu veko.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kurapwa uye kukwanisa kwekutakura kwechibatanidza chega chega mumugwagwa wekushanda kwesludge kunofanirwa kugadziriswa, uye hukama huri pakati pehuwandu hwehutano hwepurojekiti nehuwandu hunogamuchirwa hunofanira kunyatsotariswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuora kwakadzika kwesludge mushure mekuvirisa uye. kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwekushandiswa kwevhu.